Essential Plant Nutrients
Hello Friends, today we will talk about the Essential Nutrients of Plants, Three Criteria of Essentiality of Nutrients given by Arnon and Stout and We are going to know which 17 are the Essential Plant Nutrients?
You all know that like humans and other animals, plants also need nutrients, so that they can complete their life cycle.
Let us see a precise definition of it -
What is Essential Plant Nutrients?
Definition of Essential Plant Nutrients:-
Essential Plant Nutrients are those elements in the absence of which element the plant cannot complete their life cycle. Such elements are called Essential Plant Nutrients.
The plant can't be complete their life cycle without the deficiency or complete absence of a single nutrient among the essential nutrients.
This means that due to lack of essential nutrients, the growth of plants stops, various diseases occur, and the yield is low. Therefore, for the good growth and production of plants, the nutrients in the plants should be correct and sufficient.
It gets plants from soil, air, and water and some nutrients are also given artificially.
The concept of essential nutrients was first given by Arnon and Stout in 1939.
After that in 1954, Arnon reintroduced this concept by making some changes, this concept is also called Three Criteria for Essentiality of Nutrients.
Three Criteria of Essentiality of Nutrients-
1. If a plant lacks any essential nutrients, without it the plant cannot complete their life cycle.
2. If there is a deficiency of any nutrient in the plant, then its deficiency can be fulfilled only by that element and not by any other element.
3. Nutrients participate in the metabolic activities of plants and regulate enzyme activity.
According to Arnon, there were 16 essential nutrients.
In 2009–10, Ni (Nickel) was included as the 17th essential nutrient (by Brown and colleagues)
Classification of Essential Plant Nutrients:-
Generally, Essential Nutrients are classified into three parts -
1. Structural Nutrients:-
These include nutrients that participate in the structural function of plants, that is, in building the structure of plants, such as in the formation of tissues and cells. It is also called Frame Work Nutrients. These nutrients are obtained from water and the environment.
Example :- Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H).
2. Macro Nutrients -
Macro nutrients are such nutrients which are found in plants according to dry weight more than 1 mg/g or 1000 ppm.
The macro nutrient is again divided into two parts, the Primary Nutrient and the Secondary Nutrient.
A. Primary nutrients -
Primary nutrients are those nutrients which are required by plants from the very beginning i.e. from seed germination.
Example - Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potash (K).
B. Secondary Nutrients-
Requirement of secondary nutrients- This is needed when the growth of plants starts.
Example: - Calcium (ca), magnesium (mg), and sulfur (s) come under the second nutrients.
3. Micro nutrients -
Micro nutrients include those nutrients that plants need less than 1000 ppm.
Example - Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Boron (B), Chlorine (Cl), Nickel (Ni).
Among the micronutrients, iron (Fe) is required the most and molybdenum (Mo) is required in the least amount, hence molybdenum (Mo) is also called Ultra Micro Nutrients.
What are the 17 Essential Plant Nutrients ?
The 17 Essential Plant Nutrients Are -
- Carbon (C),
- Hydrogen (H),
- Oxygen (O),
- Nitrogen (N),
- Phosphorus (P),
- Potassium (K),
- Sulfur (S),
- Calcium (Ca),
- Magnesium (Mg),
- Boron (B),
- Chlorine (Cl),
- Copper (Cu),
- Iron (Fe),
- Manganese (Mn),
- Molybdenum (Mo),
- Nickel (Ni),
- Zinc (Zn).
In this way, 17 essential nutrients have been considered by combining all of the above.
Apart from this, other words come under essential nutrients, which are as follows -
● Ultra Micro Nutrient -
Nutrients that plants require in very small amounts. Plants need less than 1 ppm of such nutrients.
For example - molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co)
● Beneficial Plant Nutrients -
Such nutrients are different from the category of essential plant nutrients. This does not mean that due to its deficiency the life cycle of plants is not completed, but even if these elements are not available to the plants, there is no harm. But if these beneficial nutrients are made available to the plants, then the plants benefit or the production increases.
Example :- Sodium (Na), Cobalt (Co), Vanadium (V), Silicon (Si).
● Functional Plant Nutrients :-
(physiological or functional nutrients)
The term Functional Nutrient was proposed by D.J. Nicholas in 1963.
Such nutrients are responsible for some or the other function of plants.
Under Functional Plant Nutrients, 17 nutrients of Essential Plant Nutrients and 4 nutrients of Beneficial Plant Nutrients have been included. Altogether 21 Functional Plant Nutrients can be considered.
● Quasi Essential Plant Nutrients -
Silicon (Si) is considered a semi-essential nutrient for plants (Quasi Essential Plant Nutrients). Because in some plants the life cycle is affected due to lack of silicon and in some plants it is not affected.
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